Kerala mural paintings, known for their vibrancy and intricate details, are a distinctive form of art that has its roots in ancient temple architecture of Kerala, India. These paintings, mainly done on temple walls, showcase mythological stories, gods, and goddesses in a rich tapestry of colors and symbols. They are not just a feast for the eyes but also convey deep spiritual and philosophical meanings.
If you're interested in understanding the steps involved in creating such magnificent works, here's a breakdown of the 5 crucial steps:
1. Surface Preparation
During ancient times in India, lime plaster and mud plaster were utilized as wall coatings for mural paintings. Only colors that were resistant to lime and materials unaffected by alkalies were chosen. Briefly, these steps were carried out in a sequential manner. The process of preparing the walls was time-consuming.
1. Applying a base: A paste made from lime and sand, sometimes with organic binders, is spread over the wall, making it ready for painting.
2. Lime washing: The wall is coated with a mixture of lime and water, giving it a smooth finish.
2. Sketching the Outline
After preparing the surface, the subsequent stage in the process involves sketching, which serves as the fundamental framework for the entire artwork. The sketch plays a vital role in helping the artist conceptualize and outline the composition, establish accurate proportions, and determine the strategic placement of various elements before embarking on the application of colors and intricate details.
Sketching based on Dhyana Slokas, or meditative verses, adds a spiritual dimension to the artwork. These verses often describe the attributes, forms, and symbolism of the deities depicted in the mural.
Using light charcoal, the artist sketches the primary outline. This is a pivotal step as it serves as the blueprint for the entire mural.
3. Color Preparation
Colors play a vital role in Kerala mural painting, infusing life and vibrancy into the intricate artwork. The color palette of Kerala mural painting is characterized by a harmonious blend of vibrant hues, primarily inspired by nature. Panchavarna or five colors are used in Kerala mural painting. They are yellow, red, green, black and white.
- *Yellow* is derived from minerals like laterite.
- *Red* is derived from red laterite.
- *Green* is a mixture of yellow and blue.
- *Blue* is obtained from plants like Indigofera.
- *White* is from lime.
- *Black* is derived from lamp soot.
The choice of colors has a deeper symbolic meaning. For instance, green is used for depicting divinity, blue for Lord Krishna, and so on.
4. Actual Painting
With the sketch and colors ready, the artist begins the intricate process of painting. Painting of murals is typically done following the layering method. ie., application of paints in a sequential manner and that too in multiple layers.
The process begins with red outline, outlining of the sketch with red color.
Followed by red outline multiple layers of yellow wash are done. Depending on the colors the number of layers of yellow wash is determined. ie., The number of times the yellow wash is applied is different for red and green. For example, in areas, where red color is used, 2 or more layers of yellow are applied. Again, this all depends on the specific color tone the artist wishes to attain. After the yellow wash, red color wash and shading are carried out. The green color wash and shading come after finishing the red color shading. Following the green color, the blue color wash and shading are done on blue-specific areas. In blue areas, little or no yellow wash is applied. Shadows and gradients are artistically implemented to give a three-dimensional look to the characters and elements in the mural.
5. Finishing Touches
Once the major portions of the painting are done, the fine outline of each element is given using black color. This is the final step. This is considered an important step because it gives clarity and contrast to the painting, as well as enhances the expression and emotion of the characters. It's like breathing life into the painting. The black outline in Kerala mural paintings is a distinctive feature that sets it apart from other mural traditions in India and abroad. The painting is then left to dry. Depending on the materials used, this could take several days. Once dried, the mural showcases a glossy finish due to the natural colors used.
In conclusion, Kerala mural painting is not just a mere application of colors on the wall; it's a sacred ritual, a tale-telling, and a medium of spiritual expression. Each step in the process is filled with devotion, patience, and an unwavering respect for the age-old traditions that have been passed down through generations. Whether you're an art enthusiast, a curious observer, or someone deeply rooted in spirituality, Kerala mural paintings have something to offer to everyone.
Comments